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Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment, by João Biehl
Download Ebook Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment, by João Biehl
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Zones of social abandonment are emerging everywhere in Brazil’s big cities—places like Vita, where the unwanted, the mentally ill, the sick, and the homeless are left to die. This haunting, unforgettable story centers on a young woman named Catarina, increasingly paralyzed and said to be mad, living out her time at Vita. Anthropologist João Biehl leads a detective-like journey to know Catarina; to unravel the cryptic, poetic words that are part of the “dictionary” she is compiling; and to trace the complex network of family, medicine, state, and economy in which her abandonment and pathology took form.
As Biehl painstakingly relates Catarina’s words to a vanished world and elucidates her condition, we learn of subjectivities unmade and remade under economic pressures, pharmaceuticals as moral technologies, a public common sense that lets the unsound and unproductive die, and anthropology’s unique power to work through these juxtaposed fields. Vita’s methodological innovations, bold fieldwork, and rigorous social theory make it an essential reading for anyone who is grappling with how to understand the conditions of life, thought and ethics in the contemporary world.
- Sales Rank: #333063 in Books
- Published on: 2005-06-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .94" h x 6.04" w x 9.06" l, 1.66 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 404 pages
From the Inside Flap
"João Biehl's Vita is a greatly arresting work. The tale of Catarina is one that haunts the reader. This book's central character is sure to become an anthropological classic, her humanity reaffirmed by the author."—Arthur Kleinman, author of Writing at the Margin: Discourse between Anthropology and Medicine
About the Author
João Biehl is Professor of Anthropology at Princeton University. Torben Eskerod is an artist and works as a freelance photographer in Copenhagen. His website is www.joaobiehl.net.
Most helpful customer reviews
31 of 33 people found the following review helpful.
THIS BOOK WILL CHANGE YOUR PERCEPTION OF MADNESS
By P. Fernandez Kelly
Destined to become an immediate classic, Joao Biehl's Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment unfolds like a mystery and reads like a novel. Extraordinary is the way in which the author examines a single, tragic woman as a lens through which the ills of society become visible. With compassion tempered by acuity, Biehl introduces us to Catarina, an impoverished migrant in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre who pedals feverishly in a static bicycle within the confines of Vita, a clinic of sorts where diseased and insane people are abandoned. Catarina is struggling to become part of life, regain affection and recapture social connections after more than 12 years of erroneous diagnoses and perilous medicalization. Is she really insane? To give out the answer would betray much of what makes the book extraordinary. The reader is led into a world of market forces, inefficient bureaucracies and decomposing family ties in which no one and everyone is responsible for Catarina's fate. Although the book focuses on a Brazilian city, it's lessons transcend national boundaries--it is as meaningful in the U.S. as it would be in Turkey. Other authors have masterfully written about the poor and excluded but very few have been able to etch in detail a life worth living while at the same time unmasking the larger forces that shape ndividual fates. With this book, Biehl joins a small number of ethnographers who have successfully achieved that feat.
3 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Between Art and Ethnography
By Etienne RP
Haunting. Arresting. Inspiring. These are some of the adjectives that come to mind to characterize João Biehl's Vita : Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment. These words are usually used in the context of a work of art or a fiction. And indeed, as other reviewers have noted, Vita reads like a novel, and it presents itself like an art book, with its black-and-white photographs and coated pages. Vita carries anthropology to new grounds where boundaries between aesthetics and social science are blurred, and engages the reader with her senses and emotions as well as her intellect and academic references. At the same time, Vita is a work of social science, distinguished by the prestigious Margaret Mead Award of the American Anthropological Association, and it has become an instant classic , as testified by the revised edition by the University of California Press. How can we disentangle art from science, and how to account for the lasting impression this text makes on the reader's mind?
According to João Biehl, Vita, a rehabilitation center for drug addicts and social outcasts in Porto Alegre, is much more than a locale. This is how an informant introduced the center to the author: "It's a dump site for human beings. You must go there. You will see what people do to people, what it means to be humans these days." And he was right. As Biehl discovered, "Vita is the end-station on the road to poverty; it is the place where living beings go to when they are no longer considered people." "Zones of social abandonment" such as Vita "accelerate the death of the unwanted". They make visible "realities that exist through and beyond formal governance and that determine the life course of an increasing number of poor people who are not part of mapped populations."
One strategy for ethnographic writing would have been to make a theory out of this single case study, and to develop a social critique of the political economy that makes places like Vita possible. This is in part what the author does when he characterizes Vita as a "zone of abandonment" and its occupants are "abandonados" or "ex-humans". These concepts, used or accepted by the respondents themselves, allow to move beyond the case for moral indignation and to operate the shift from the particular to the general that represents ethnography's core method of inquiring. The abandonados do not just speak for themselves; they are "the carriers and witnesses of the ways in which the social destinies of the poorest and the sickest are ordered." They show the limitation of policies and projects of social inclusion for which the municipal government of Porto Alegre and the state of Brazil under Workers Party's rule are often credited.
João Biehl's concepts of social abandonment and ex-humans resonate with the theoretical constructs of authors with which he enters into dialogue: Michel Foucaults notions of "biopolitics" and "neo-liberal governmentality", or Giorgio Agamben's philosophical descriptions of "bare life" and "homo sacer". These short theoretical engagements with renowned modern philosophers are weaved into the text or developed into endnotes, and they will be of interest to academic readers. They may open the space for future epistemological developments or new lines or ethnographic inquiry. The book will also be valuable for social activists or human rights militants, who will see in the descriptions of the zones of liminality such as Vita a vindication of their fight for justice and recognition. As Biehl underscores, "the ethnography of Vita makes it painfully clear that there are places in the present, even in a state founded on the premise of inviolable human rights, where these rights no longer exist, where the living subjects of marginal institutions are constituted as something other, between life and death."
But Vita is not a theoretical treatise or an ethnographic description of a single locale. It is an anthropology of a single person or, as the author puts it, "the thick description of a single life". There are precedents in the discipline for such endeavour. One can mention in passing works as diverse as Laurence Caillet's The House of Yamazaki, the life story of a Japanese business woman raised in the countryside and who became the manager of an upclass hairdressing salon, or Vincent Crapanzano's Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan, a post-modern experiment in psychoanalytic ethnography. But Vita's portrait of Catarina is different. For a start, the central character should never have been allowed to have her say. Successively diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia, post-partum psychosis, unspecified psychosis, and then mood disorder, she had been muted by the institutions of medicine, family, and social policy.
Her abandonment reflected her progressive physical deterioration. The author and his wife first met her training on a stationary bicycle. Thereafter, her limp became more severe, and she was assigned to the immobility of a wheelchair. Her complaints from the ailments she suffered, described as "rheumatism" or "chronic spasms", were never heard by the doctors and social workers who handled her case and who kept her heavily sedated. Pharmaceuticals substituted for her estrangement from social links, and she was categorized as a case of mental illness without due consideration for her physical condition or social environment. Despite the crumbling of all hope, she was able to cling to life and to articulate her interior life in the diaries she constantly kept. Referred to as her "dictionary" ("I write so that I don't forget the words"), these lists of words and sentences scribbled with a trembling hand mirror her personal struggles and provide a document of extraordinary power.
Catarina's dialogue with João Biehl goes much beyond the ethnographic encounter between the anthropologist and his informant. It is she who sends him on a quest in order not only to recollect her life story, but to recapture her connection to the living. The result is "a progressive unravelling of the knotted reality that was Catarina's condition - misdiagnosis, excessive medication, complicity among health professionals and family in creating her status as a psychotic - and the discovery of the cause of her illness, which turned out to be a genetic and not a psychiatric condition." It is this connection with Catarina that allows the author to move beyond a monography on Vita to a multi-sited ethnography of the web of institutions, medical and familial, that produced her abandonment. As Biehl notes, "her presumed madness was intimately related to changing political and labor regimes as well as to pharmaceutical forms of knowledge and care that were embedded in nets of relatedness, intimacies, and betrayals."
In part, the book reads like a detective story. There are unexpected turns, progressive discovery of the character's background, disclosure of secrets buried deep in medical archives or family closets, and an astonishing finale, which connects Catarina's body to the most generic aspects of human life. Vita is also a first-person narrative, where the author is always present in the account. The book is truly a collaborative work or a dialogic construction of knowledge between the two characters, and its progression mirrors the development of their joint work. Catarina's words, her "dictionary", transform the ethnography into an elegy - we must read them "in the same way we face poetry." They express "the unspeakable of the ordinary", and demonstrate that "a human form of life that is no longer worth living is not just bare life - language and desire continue."
3 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Beautiful and Important
By Cee
This is an absolutely astonishing look at the lives of the mentally ill in Southern Brazil. The author writes with passion, conviction and determination to bring humanity to the most inhumane and forgotten places on earth. The stories of the people in Vita compel you to examine the structures of your own society, who we readily throw-away for making us uncomfortable or not fulfilling social norms. With every page, your compassion and empathy grows for the people who are desperately misunderstood, misdiagnosed and mistreated by a society who responds to uncommon behaviors with social quarantines. It begs the question of whether individuals are crazy, or if life and all of the structures in place which dictate our lives are the root of instability and unpredictability.
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