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Heaven's Gate, a secretive group of celibate "monks" awaiting pickup by a UFO, captured intense public attention in 1997 when its members committed collective suicide. As a way of understanding such perplexing events, many have seen those who join cults as needy, lost souls, unable to think for themselves. This book, a compelling look at the cult phenomenon written for a wide audience, dispels such simple formulations by explaining how normal, intelligent people can give up years of their lives—and sometimes their very lives—to groups and beliefs that appear bizarre and irrational. Looking closely at Heaven's Gate and at the Democratic Workers Party, a radical political group of the 1970s and 1980s, Janja Lalich gives us a rare insider's look at these two cults and advances a new theoretical framework that will reshape our understanding of those who join such groups.

Lalich's fascinating discussion includes her in-depth interviews with cult devotees as well as reflections gained from her own experience as a high-ranking member of the Democratic Workers Party. Incorporating classical sociological concepts such as "charisma" and "commitment" with more recent work on the social psychology of influence and control, she develops a new approach for understanding how charismatic cult leaders are able to dominate their devotees. She shows how members are led into a state of "bounded choice," in which they make seemingly irrational decisions within a context that makes perfect sense to them and is, in fact, consistent with their highest aspirations.

In addition to illuminating the cult phenomenon in the United States and around the world, this important book also addresses our pressing need to know more about the mentality of those true believers who take extreme or violent measures in the name of a cause.

• Sales Rank: #492356 in Books
• Published on: 2004-09-15
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x .90" w x 6.00" l, 1.28 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 353 pages

From the Inside Flap
"An impressive and even revolutionary look at cultic groups. Lalich challenges fundamental assumptions on all sides of the debate about cults. She spent years as a member of the Democratic Workers Party and provides her readers with a revealing insider’s view. To this, the author adds a much-needed comparative focus with her treatment of the Heaven’s Gate suicides. The result is a theoretical breakthrough in the study of high commitment groups. Lalich’s theory of 'bounded choice' is likely to reshape scholarly thinking for years to come about the dynamics of cult involvement and how and why people may act against their own self-interest in pursuit of higher causes."—E. Burke Rochford, Jr., author of Hare Krishna in America

"Janja Lalich combines unusual empathy for true believers with broad and balanced scholarship and incisive interpretations of overall cultic behavior. Her work illuminates much that goes on not only in charismatic cults but in larger, destructive movements and extremist governments in our troubled world."—Robert Jay Lifton, author of Superpower Syndrome: America’s Apocalyptic Confrontation with the World

"At a time when politicized religion is rocking the world in often violent ways, this arresting study of totalizing ideological movements offers a new perspective. It revives the terms 'cult' and 'brainwashing,' often discarded by social scientists, and gives them new meaning as descriptions of cultures of 'bounded choice.' This intriguing notion is applied to two quite different movements: the suicidal Heaven's Gate group and a radical American organization of young Marxists. This book is timely and certain to be widely discussed. But it cannot be easily dismissed-for its author is not only a sensitive social scientist but also a former member of one of the groups. Hence this book speaks with a voice of both thoughtful reason and gripping experience."—Mark Juergensmeyer, author of Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence

From the Back Cover
"An impressive and even revolutionary look at cultic groups. Lalich challenges fundamental assumptions on all sides of the debate about cults. She spent years as a member of the Democratic Workers Party and provides her readers with a revealing insider's view. To this, the author adds a much-needed comparative focus with her treatment of the Heaven's Gate suicides. The result is a theoretical break through in the study of high commitment groups. Lalich's theory of 'bounded choice' is likely to reshape scholarly thinking for years to come about the dynamics of cult involvement and how and why people may act against their own self-interest in pursuit of higher causes."-E. Burke Rochford, Jr., author of Hare Krishna in America

About the Author
Janja Lalich is Associate Professor of Sociology at California State University, Chico. She is coauthor of "Crazy" Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? (1996) and Captive Hearts, Captive Minds: Freedom and Recovery from Cults and Abusive Relationships (1994).

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Classic about cult belief and recruitment by a noted sociologist and former cult member
By M.E.Anderson
An academic writes about the binding situation that cults create around members and recruits. She was in a cult when young and for years has approached the subject not only as a former member but as a sociologist and researcher. This book contrasts two seemingly different cults -- Heaven's Gate and The Democratic Workers' Party -- to ferret out the underlying similarities. Anyone interested in the phenomenon of cult belief, or of mental manipulation in general, should study this book. It is very readable.

16 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Fascinating and important
By Joseph Davis
This is an excellent and important book. The concept of 'bounded choice' is a valuable one and can be applied to many situations outside of cults. The majority of the book is taken up with an examination of two contemporary cults -Heaven's Gate and the Democratic Worker's Party (DWP). The Heaven's Gate members, of course, gained great fame when the majority of the cult committed a mass, ritualistic suicide in 1997 in response to the appearance of the spectacular Hale-Bopp comet. The cult had been in existence since 1975 and had been quietly percolating underground for more than 20 years. I can remember when they were first mentioned in the papers in 1975 and had assumed that they had disbanded after the failure of the predicted spaceships to come and take them away. I had not heard of the DWP but was aware of the cult-like aspects of the Marxist-Leninist belief system. Lalich shows how both of these cults, though different in significant ways, operated within an effective and extremely confining framework consisting of charismatic authority, a transcendent belief system, systems of control and systems of influence. By the end of the book, it is much easier to understand how difficult a member would find it to question participation in such an extreme group and come to the reasonable decision that it would be much better to leave.

The author deserves a lot of credit for having the courage and academic rigor to write compellingly about a phenomenon that affected her personally in so powerful a way. As she clearly states, more needs to be done. This is an area important to the very future of mankind. The argument can be made that the most powerful nation in the history of the world (the United States of America) has re-elected its very worst president for a second term because the electorate was in a situation of bounded choice -bounded choice in the sense that the U.S. mass media were either toxic, pro-Bush-regime cheerleaders (Fox network, Limbaugh, etc.) or nervous, wishy-washy bystanders, who would perish before they would ask a question that might earn an attack from the right. How can a people make a reasoned, informed choice when the boundaries are so circumscribed? (This is much easier to see from up in Canada, because, although our media are far from perfect, they still function for the most part as gatherers and disseminators of information, as opposed to sellers and promoters of propaganda.)

The book does have flaws though. The writing in general is fine, but tends towards sociology-ese in theoretical sections. From the point of view of a story, it would have been interesting to explore what the leaders of the Heaven's Gate cult did on a daily basis. Did they watch soap operas? Did they meditate? Did they read detective novels like Marlene Dixon? They certainly were secretive and so maybe this information is not available. Did they have a sexual relationship? The cult discouraged such 'human' relations, but the leaders were hypocritical in other areas, so they could have been sexually active together. What efforts did family members make to rescue their loved ones from the cult? The book does not really explore this. In the DWP, the power of Marlene Dixon's second in command 'Eleanor' was a big part of Dixon maintaining control over the middle level of leaders. Yet when Dixon is overthrown, Eleanor is not even mentioned. Did she finally gain some insight and take part in the coup, or was she not included in the plotting, which occurred while Dixon was out of the country? Not addressing this is frustrating and puzzling to the reader. Also, what became of Dixon after she was kicked out of her own cult? The author leaves the reader hanging. While this may not be important from the point of view of analyzing the workings of the cult, it would have been very interesting to know what became of such a malignant bully.

A major disagreement I have with the book is its exclusive portrayal of cult power as coming from the four lynchpins of bounded choice -charismatic authority, a transcendent belief system, systems of control, and systems of influence. While these mechanisms may explain why some people find they cannot make a reasoned decision to leave a cult and thus become true believers, it doesn't explain the mystery of why they would be attracted to, and make the crucial decision to join and stay in, a cult in the first place. We are not talking about joining the neighbourhood tennis club here. We are talking about supposedly normal, rational people choosing to believe that, in one case, the two strangers talking to them are really from another planet and will be soon calling for spaceships to come and take them, and the rest of the worthy, to a new level of existence, and, in the other case, that the most successful and materialistic nation of all time is ripe for a proletarian revolution based on radical Marxism-Leninism and that this revolution will be led by, as described in this book, a slovenly, obese, alcoholic ex-professor with a poor history in academia. Something is missing here, and that is an analysis of the psychological make-up of those choosing to follow such questionable leaders and causes. I believe critical factors are an individual's ability to question authority, critical thinking skills and the ease with which one can suspend such skills, and fantasy proneness. Lalich would like us to view cult members as 'For the most part...giving and idealistic, hardworking and loyal, trustworthy and loving. They are people who yearn for a better world - here or in the hereafter. Is that so bad?' I can't help thinking that the author is looking to rationalize her own ten wasted years in a bizarre, nasty offshoot of world communism. She goes on to say 'People who try something new, something different, are pioneers.' The DWP pioneers? Hardly. Rabid Marxism-Leninism isn't new. We've been down that road before with the likes of Lenin, Stalin and Mao, mass-murderers all. Flaky UFO cults are also not new, as the author confirms with her mention of the cult studied by Festinger. No, this phenomenon is not new, but people who should know better are still at risk of being absorbed into strange cults. The author again says '..we should not forget or deny the courage, endurance and strength of will it takes to step into the unknown.' How about not forgetting gullibility, masochism, fear of admitting a huge mistake and fear of making the right decision (which would be to leave and start again)? Why are some people more susceptible than others? I suspect cult followers are flawed in specific areas, perhaps through upbringing or circumstance -perhaps through genetics, or some combination of both. Clearly more study is required. But to try to explain cult phenomena by giving all of the credit for their success to their admittedly powerful structures is to be naïve in the extreme. No, everybody is not as vulnerable to being taken in by a cult as the next person. The author is very reticent about revealing her own upbringing, which I found suggestive. Maybe events in her early history would help explain why an obviously intelligent person would get involved in, and stay in, such a negative, joyless little gulag like the DWP for so long. There is some indication that she may have been just lonely.

Some minor quibbles. The Manchurian Candidate may indeed be a Red-bating movie but it wasn't part of the 'Red-scare movies of the 1950s' because it came out in 1962. Also the author should know that schizophrenia has nothing to do with 'split personality' (page 19), whatever that is.

15 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
A for effort
By Daniel H. Bigelow
Janja Lalich combines academic rigor with her own deeply felt attempts to make sense of her personal experiences in the cultlike Democratic Worker's Party in the book Bounded Choice. The gist of it is that otherwise reasonable people find their options narrowing after they make a commitment to a cult, and soon those options can dwindle to simple obedience. Thus, "bounded choice." She explains the mechanisms behind bounded choice with reference to the DWP and the Heaven's Gate cult and she draws parallels between their command structures.

Lalich's sketches of the cults are interesting but cursory and marred by frequent use of conclusory language to gloss over details (for instance, she refers often to the Heaven's Gate cult's tendency to go on "bizarre diets" without ever describing them, and she accuses DWP head Marlene Dixon of writing increasingly incomprehensible communiques without quoting from them). But there is enough basic information for Lalich to get her thesis across, which is, after all, the point.

I am not sure she convinces me of her thesis, though. It seems awfully general to me in its broadest strokes. Sure, choices narrow once one commits -- that's true of everyone, all the time. And the basic mechanisms she cites -- charismatic leadership, transcendent ideology, and implicit and explicit social controls -- are equally general, especially in her interpretations. "Charisma" has to be defined very broadly to encompass both the magnetic leaders of the Heaven's Gate cult and the drunken and abrasive leader of the DWP, and, eqally, "transcendent ideology" can mean anything if both Heaven's Gate's apocalyptic supernatural beliefs and the DWP's attempt to form a political cadre to hasten Marx's communist revolution count. It's true that anything you put your heart and soul into can be considered transcendent, but that defines the term so generally it's no longer useful, if you ask me. The "social controls" mechanisms are equally general.

Lalich tries to make a virtue of this generality by pointing out that her theory is broad enough to encompass political terrorism and erroneous foreign policy, or, for that matter, anything bad that people do. I even noticed that personal charisma, a demand for total commitment, and social control mechanisms would explain the dynamics of a violent domestic relationship as well as they explain cultic behavior. But Lalich seems unaware that her framework and terminology could also be stretched to fit not just bad, but also good, social situations -- for instance, British steadfastness in World War II.

So what I think happened is that in her attempt to include all cults within her framework, Lalich created one so broad that she accidentally described general human behavior instead of separating out cult behavior. It's an interesting framework and there is a certain value to it, and it is clearly the product of deep thought and study; I'm just not sure it does what Lalich wants it to do.

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@ Download PDF The Klamath Knot: Explorations of Myth and Evolution, Twentieth Anniversary Edition, by David Rains Wallace

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Winner of the John Burroughs Medal for Nature Writing, the Commonwealth Club Silver Medal for Literature 1984, and named one of the twentieth century's best nonfiction books by the San Francisco Chronicle, The Klamath Knot, originally published by Sierra Club Books in 1983, is a personal vision of wilderness in the Klamath Mountains of northwest California and southwest Oregon, seen through the lens of "evolutionary mythology." David Rains Wallace uses his explorations of the diverse ecosystems in this region to ponder the role of evolution and myth in our culture. The author's new epilogue makes a case for the creation of a new park to safeguard this exceptionally rich storehouse of relict species and evolutionary stories, which has largely been bypassed by conservationists since John Muir.

• Sales Rank: #347807 in Books
• Published on: 2003-04-24
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.82" h x .45" w x 6.36" l, .56 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 167 pages

Review
"Wallace is among the very best of our nature writers, one whose work is marked by grace, feeling and a deep desire to know the natural world in all its moods."--Harry Middleton, "Philadelphia Inquirer"

From the Inside Flap
"The Klamath Knot is a classic work of natural history, a wondrous meditation through time and space, and an intimate portrait of a miraculous stretch of land, forest, and mountain as botanically rich as any place in North America, as ecologically vital and important as any place on the planet."—Wade Davis, author of One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest

"In Wallace's hands, evolution is never mechanical or abstract; it is always seen operating in particular sites and species. As a stylist and a thinker Wallace is in a select class of writers who make science into literature."—Ernest Callenbach, author of Ecotopia

"For those of us who like David Rains Wallace's writing, it is good news indeed that his much-admired The Klamath Knot is back in print."—Sue Hubbell, author of Waiting for Aphrodite: Journeys into the Time Before Bones

"A classic of natural history which will take its place alongside Walden and A Sand County Almanac."—G. Ledyard Stebbins, author of Variation and Evolution in Plants

"The Klamath Knot is a marvelous book, one of the finest nature essays I have read, beautifully written, full of stimulating ideas and insights."—George B. Schaller, author of The Last Panda

From the Back Cover
""The Klamath Knot is a classic work of natural history, a wondrous meditation through time and space, and an intimate portrait of a miraculous stretch of land, forest, and mountain as botanically rich as any place in North America, as ecologically vital and important as any place on the planet."--Wade Davis, author of "One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest

"In Wallace's hands, evolution is never mechanical or abstract; it is always seen operating in particular sites and species. As a stylist and a thinker Wallace is in a select class of writers who make science into literature."--Ernest Callenbach, author of "Ecotopia

"For those of us who like David Rains Wallace's writing, it is good news indeed that his much-admired "The Klamath Knot is back in print."--Sue Hubbell, author of "Waiting for Aphrodite: Journeys into the Time Before Bones

"A classic of natural history which will take its place alongside "Walden "and "A Sand County Almanac.""--G. Ledyard Stebbins, author of "Variation and Evolution in Plants "

""The Klamath Knot "is a marvelous book, one of the finest nature essays I have read, beautifully written, full of stimulating ideas and insights."--George B. Schaller, author of "The Last Panda"

Most helpful customer reviews

14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Overlooked gem of natural philosophy
By E. M. Dale
Nature writing always carries something of the romantic with it, and this is its greatest strength and greatest curse. As a strength, it provides a window into the sublime limit which nature opens for her human observers. Such romanticism is a weakness, however, if it devolves into a reified hymn to an imagined nature which is as unreal as the imagined un-nature from which one hopes to fly. Nature is not a paradigm, is not a given. One has to meet it, encounter it, realize one's place in it, hear what it has to say, say something back to it, wonder about it, and allow it to remain mystery. The best nature writing has does this -- think of Walden, and how Thoreau allows the pond to retain its power and dignity while plumbing its depths, measuring its boundaries, cataloging its flora and fauna, and descibing his own very human comings and goings around its then mostly deforested banks. In the end, we know a lot about the pond, and even more about Thoreau, but Walden remains Walden, the myth, the legend. Having been lucky enough to have lived close to Walden for several years, I can tell you that no amount of reading about Walden, even at Walden, can capture the life of the pond. Thoreau's book takes the measure of the pond, and makes it real in a way that the real Walden always has been, yet never quite is.
Wallace's book accomplishes this for the Klamath mountains of northern California, home of great trees, deep lakes, and sasquatch. His book never holds the Klamath at arm's length, as the romantic impulse al too often wants to do, but rather gives an account of the terrain, measures it out, proposes a history and a taxonomy of the land and the fields and the rivers which captures so much about the place, but never pretends to total knowledge. He writes (as did Aristotle about his fish, and Thoreau about his flowers) as a scientist with the soul of a poet, or perhaps a poet with a scientist's eye. Of course, Wallace is neither a scientist nor a poet (neither were Aristotle or Thoreau), and so what we see is Wallace's experience of the Kalamath, not Klamath poetry and Klamath science. And of course, that is all we can see, just as all we can see in Walden the book is Thoreau's experience of Walden the pond. Such places cannot be captured by a single perspective, but will not be seen at all unless a single perspective widens the vision for the rest of us. There are many small ponds around Concord, Mass, but Thoreau went to live at Walden. And there are many wild knots of mountains and rivers still scattered around this nation, and the world. Each one needs a Thoreau, or a Wallace, or an Ed Abbey, or Aldo Leopold, or Muir, or Whitman, to bring it to our vision in a way we may have never seen it before. I daresay the lumbermen who cut the trees on Walden's shores saw the same water and sky as Thoreau -- but it was Thoreau's way of seeing it that lasted. Wallace's view is the one that needs to last, to stick in the mind, concerning the Klamath region.
Wallace's theme in the book is an "evolutionary myth," one that tells a story about the land which provides a key to meaning. He writes, "Moses forced his society to accept a unifying law; Jesus forced his to accept the unity of all of humanity; Darwin forced his to accept the unity of all of life" (8). He acknowledges that placing Darwin in league with Moses and Jesus will strike some as odd, but Wallace is a man with a vision. He points out that "both religion and science are mythologies, in the sense that each provides the individual with an account of the origins and meanings of life. It seems to me irrelevant, in this mythological sense, whether such accounts are facts or fictions. They need only to provide their believers with a workable key to life, an invisible world of origins and meanings to help them make sense of an often confusing, sometimes frightening, physical world" (8). Following this idea, he presents his explorations of the Klamath as a playing-out of an evolutionary mythology, a story about how the land came to be, what it might mean, and how the story fits in with the rest of life. It is a powerful and original story he tells, and bound to last. More than a memoir of a love-affair with a place, and more than a naturalist's account of a fragile and vanishing ecosystem, Wallace's book is a testament to the power of a place to transform one's very understanding of the world, and what it means to be human in that world after the knot has been unraveled, and then re-tied. It is a powerful and meaningful vision of lost wild places which avoids romanticism and doomsaying, and which holds as much hope as horror about the loss and preservation of the American wilderness.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Klamath Trail Builder
By John Griffith
I really enjoyed reading The Klamath Knot while building trails in the Marble Mountain Wilderness. I found his jumping around from evolutionary biology to the big foot myth to be tied coherently by his exploration of the neotenic human. I think this book would be enjoyed best by people with some scientific background. I gave it five stars because I was already familiar with a lot of the scientific concepts in this book, and so was able to follow (and learn) a lot of his philosophies. I don't think I would have enjoyed it much before my junior year in college. When I passed it among my young trail crew (most of whom are recent HS graduates) I quickly found the book back in front of my tent. It was simply too much for them to finish.

7 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
See for yourself
By Amazonbombshell
This is an essay -- for lack of a better term -- that combines natural science, mythology, philosophy, even some anthropology, in a moving discourse centered around the Pacific Northwest's Klamath Mountains.

It's deeply (though not overtly) spiritual, discussing life with a sense of wonder we often leave behind. It's also as intelligent, and as important, as any good academic work on ecology, but unlike most of those, it'll draw you in, pulling so subtly you won't even feel its power until suddenly you've finished a chapter and realized your perceptions have changed.

Until you've picked it up, you won't know what I mean, but it won't take long to see that THE KLAMATH KNOT can make the Mystery that is life more accessible to all of us. For this reason, it isn't just a philosophical toy you'll be able to discard; instead, you'll find it informs the way you live in the world.

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^^ Ebook Download Birth as an American Rite of Passage, by Robbie E. Davis-Floyd

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Why do so many American women allow themselves to become enmeshed in the standardized routines of technocratic childbirth--routines that can be insensitive, unnecessary, and even unhealthy? Anthropologist Robbie Davis-Floyd first addressed these questions in the 1992 edition. Her new preface to this 2003 edition of a book that has been read, applauded, and loved by women all over the world, makes it clear that the issues surrounding childbirth remain as controversial as ever.

• Sales Rank: #462413 in Books
• Published on: 2004-03-15
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.25" w x 6.00" l, 1.32 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 424 pages

From Library Journal
Davis-Floyd has written a brilliant feminist analysis of childbirth rites of passage in American culture. These rites, she argues, take away women's power over their bodies, naturally designed to bring life into the world, and for no physiological reason give it to the medical system. She believes that society, intimidated by women's ability to give birth, has designed obstetrical rituals that are far more complex than natural childbirth itself in order to deliver what is from nature into culture. "In this way," she writes, "society symbolically demonstrates ownership of its product." This beautiful book, full of insightful interviews with women on a range of birth experiences and with an extensive bibliography, is a wonderful addition to the growing literature on the anthropology of the body and the theoretical debates over mind/body and nature/culture dichotomies. Essential for all anthropology and women's studies collections and medical school libraries and highly recommended for public libraries.
- Patricia Sarles, Mt. Sinai Medical Ctr. Lib., New York
Copyright 1992 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
"[Davis-Floyd] is a respectful listener who has encouraged her subjects to speak honestly about a complex experience. Consequently, even skeptical readers of the fascinating stories she has gathered should be prompted to reflect on the meaning of their own or their partners' experience of birth. . . . I admire, without reservation, the generous, critical, passionate spirit that animates this book."--Sara Ruddick, "New York Times Book Review"

From the Inside Flap
"I can say without hesitation that in the 36 years I have been helping childbearing women, there is only a handful of books that have had a great cultural impact. This is one of them."—Roberta M. Scaer, Editor of Genesis

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10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Everyone should read this book
By Christopher R. Travers
Ok, I'm feeling a little self-conscious being the first male reviewer of this book on Amazon, but here it is. Everyone should read this book, male or female, American or not, whatever. This book will change the way you look not only at childbirth but at the medical profession and society as a whole. It's a fascinating read. Most of the book is applicable throughout most of the world.

Pregnant women of course will get out of this a social critique regarding the approaches to childbirth in hospitals, how these support and ensure the continuation of patriarchy in our society, etc. Women who are not pregnant will gain from it a different sense of modern medicine and society as a whole. Men are likely to be confronted with a great deal of information about the nature of culture and things we take for granted all the time.

In the end, this is a solid piece of anthropology, and moreover it does well what women's studies are supposed to do: provide a new angle over well-trodden ground which explores the cultural contradictions regarding gender roles in modern society. This is not a book full of laments of lost prestige (as stereotypes might lead one to presume), but rather a careful, reasoned critique of how our culture operates and how this is intensified during the childbirth process. It further explores why so many women accept and embrace patriarchy in childbirth.

More to the point, this book will challenge how you look at health care more generally and its relationship to societal values. Highly recommended.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
I really liked the work
By Claire Martin
This book offers really great insight into what happens when technology and pregnancy meet in American culture as well as to the responses to the American technocratic approach to childbirth. I really liked that she included doctor's perspectives, giving the reader a look at both sides of the coin. She explored not only women who felt victimized by their experiences in hospitals, but also women who felt empowered by the same experiences. To her shock, she found that more women actually feel safer and more comfortable with a highly technocratic birth and she examines why this might be.

The book was very insightful but I found some slow chapters in the middle of the book that seemed to result from saying the same things over and over. I also constantly found myself amazed at some of the experiences of women in hospitals and asking myself if this information is still relevant today considering this book was written in 1992 and a lot of her research was dated in the late 80s. Never the less, it is a great recent history of childbirth in American hospitals. The attitudes of the doctors and women interviewed for this work surely continue to reflect, in many ways, the attitudes still held today considering it wasn't THAT long ago.

I recommend this book to women who plan to have their baby in a hospital because I think that it will serve to inform and as a result empower. If you seek to stay in control of your body and the birth of your child, this book would offer much insight. For women who do not want to have their children in the hospital, well, this book will only confirm why you feel that way.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
a must-read
By Julie
this is a very important book. it may be a little heavy on the (anthropological) jargon for some people but it is worth it. it's an eye-opening study of the medicalization of birth in our culture and it's really interesting, upsetting, and informative. she includes many interviews with women who have birthed in hospitals and obstetricians describing their socialization/training/beliefs. i do believe that any woman giving birth owes it to herself to explore this issue. it is actually statistically less safe for low-risk women to deliver in a hospital than at home with a competent midwife (in terms of maternal & fetal infections and deaths). whether you already know that you want an epidural or if you are hoping for a natural birth, you should become aware of the practices that are commonplace in hospitals so that you can make informed decisions about what is right for you and your baby. it is possible (though very challenging) to have a "natural" birth in a hospital but it is a constant uphill battle to avoid the numerous dangerous interventions the medically-oriented practitioners try to push on women without evidence that they help (indeed, with research that shows that they hinder the progress of labor or make recovery more difficult for the woman).

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Writing with verve and clarity, Mary Hill tells the story of the magnificent Sierra Nevada—the longest, highest, and most spectacular mountain range in the contiguous United States. Hill takes us from the time before the land which would be California even existed, through the days of roaring volcanoes, violent earthquakes, and chilling ice sheets, to the more recent history of the Sierra's early explorers and the generations of adventuresome souls who followed.

The author introduces the rocks of the Sierra Nevada, which tell the mountains' tale, and explains how nature's forces, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, faulting, erosion, and glaciation formed the range's world-renowned scenery and mineral wealth, including gold.

For thirty years, the first edition of Geology of the Sierra Nevada has been the definitive guide to the Sierra Nevada's geological history for nature lovers, travelers, hikers, campers, and armchair explorers. This new edition offers new chapters and sidebars and incorporates the concept of plate tectonics throughout the text.

* Written in easy-to-understand language for a wide audience.

* Gives detailed information on where to view outstanding Sierra Nevada geology in some of the world's most beloved natural treasures and national parks, including Yosemite.

* Provides specific information on places to see glaciers and glacial deposits, caves, and exhibits of gold mines and mining equipment, many from Gold Rush times.

* Superbly illustrated with 117 new color illustrations, 16 halftones, 39 line illustrations, and 12 maps, and also features an easy-to-use, interactive key for identifying rocks and a glossary of geological terms.

• Sales Rank: #385521 in Books
• Published on: 2006-05-15
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 7.25" h x 1.20" w x 4.50" l, 1.46 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 468 pages

Review
"Hill's masterful book. . . tells what the Sierra Nevada is made of, how it was and is being made, and how you might see the evidence of these things for yourself."--"American West

About the Author
Geologist Mary Hill is the author of Gold: The California Story (California, 2002) and California Landscape: Origin and Evolution (California, 1984). She is coauthor of Volcanic Eruptions of 1980 at Mount St. Helens: The First 100 Days (1982). Longtime editor of the magazine California Geology, she was later Western Region Information Officer for the U.S. Geological Survey and Adjunct Professor of Geosciences at San Francisco State University.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Barbara M. Bernhart
Fascinating reading. I wished I had discovered this book sooner.

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
They're not just rocks, they're history
By D. L. Barnett
Three decades ago geologist Mary Hill wrote a handbook to the Sierra Nevada's geologic history and it became the standard guide. The aptly named author has now extensively revised her book. It's an armchair traveler's delight and remains an authoritative guide that will well serve a new generation of hikers, campers, and explorers.

"Geology of the Sierra Nevada: Revised Edition" ($19.95 in full-color paperback from University of California Press) contains almost 200 illustrations, including photographs of rock forms and maps showing where to find them. Hill thanks Bill Guyton, professor emeritus of geosciences at Chico State University, "for his careful reading" of the new manuscript and draws on the research he published in "Glaciers of California" (1998). Guyton distinguished between glaciers and smaller "glacierets" and counted 99 glaciers in the Sierra Nevada and 398 glacierets. Hill notes that "the Sierra Nevada has a lot of glaciers, all of them small. If you are looking for the giants of the Great Ice Age, you will have to be content with their spoor."

The book is divided into two sections. The first offers a "do-it-yourself rock identification key." A series of maps divides the Sierra Nevada into regions and shows where to find prominent rock formations in each area. The first map, mostly of eastern Butte County, locates "conglomerate" ("rock ... made up of grains 2 mm or more in diameter, together with coarser fragments") along Big Chico Creek. You can see shale in the Dry Creek area and lava flow and basalt on Table Mountain.

The second part is the narrative, which takes new research into account. In the last few years, she writes, "the Sierra has been put through the plate tectonics intellectual filter, which has told us how the mountains might have been created, and why they are where they are."

The book also expands its coverage of "human exploration of the Sierra Nevada, not just by geologists" but by others as well.

Here you'll find the story of "the first overland party of settlers to attempt to cross the Sierra. ... The group came to be known as the Bartleson-Bidwell party, as it included two men of leadership mold, John Bartleson and John Bidwell, destined to become eminent in what was to be the 31st U.S. state." Here also is the story of "Snowshoe" Thompson, a Norwegian who for two decades, "beginning in 1856, ... carried the mail across the Sierra Nevada from Placerville, California, to Genoa, Nevada (then called Mormon Station), using long skis (then called 'snowshoes') of his own making."

But Hill's great love is the land itself, the "nervous" Sierra, and her account of the devastating Owens Valley earthquake in 1872 tells not only of human destruction but notes that "the Sierra Nevada itself was severely wracked." She quotes John Muir's eyewitness account: "Shortly after sunrise a low, blunt, muffled rumbling, like a distant thunder, was followed by another series of shocks, which ... made the cliffs and domes tremble like jelly, and the big pines and oaks thrill and swish and wave their branches with startling effect."

At the end of the book, a "coda" reflects on geologic time and human time. "Time is all we have," she writes, "and it behooves us to spend it wisely. Some say that the time spent in the mountains is not subtracted from our allotted three-score-and-ten. So cherish the Sierra, and it will generously reward you."

Copyright 2006 Chico Enterprise-Record. Used by permission.

13 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Entertaining but lacking in 'geology'
By Langiller
However titillating, this book never quite addressed what I'd hoped to find. I was disappointed that there wasn't much 'geology' in the book other than nice descriptions of how gold wound up where it did and how Half Dome, El Cap, etc. were shaped. On the other hand, it's great for the history of geological exploration and mining in the area (including political intrique between John Muir and 'official' geologists.) Other virtues include lists of noteworthy geological features and great maps and photos.

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** Download PDF Classic Chic: Music, Fashion, and Modernism, by Mary E. Davis

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Music and fashion: the deep connection between these two expressive worlds is firmly entrenched. Yet little attention has been paid to the association of sound and style in the early twentieth century—a period of remarkable and often parallel developments in both high fashion and the arts, including music. This beautifully written book, lavishly illustrated with fashion plates and photographs, explores the relationship between music and fashion, elegantly charting the importance of these arts to the rise of transatlantic modernism. Focusing on the emergence of the movement known as Neoclassicism, Mary E. Davis demonstrates that new aesthetic approaches were related to fashion in a manner that was perfectly attuned to the tastes of jazz-age sophisticates. Looking in particular at three couturiers—Paul Poiret, Germaine Bongard, and Coco Chanel—and three breakthrough fashion magazines—La Gazette du Bon Ton, Vanity Fair, and Vogue—Davis illuminates for the first time the ways in which fashion's imperatives of originality and constant change influenced composers such as Erik Satie, Igor Stravinsky, and Les Six. She also considers the role played by the Ballets Russes, and explores the contributions of artists including costume and set designer Léon Bakst, writer and director Jean Cocteau, Amédée Ozenfant, and Pablo Picasso. The first study to situate music in this rich context, Classic Chic demonstrates the profound importance of the linked endeavors of composition and couture to modernist thought. In addition to its innovative approach to this important moment in history, Davis's focus on the social aspects of the story makes the book a tremendously engaging read.

• Sales Rank: #3286025 in Books
• Published on: 2006-11-28
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 1.14" h x 6.38" w x 9.02" l, 1.56 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 361 pages

Review
“Engaging . . . . A good book, one certainly worth reading for the wealth of information it contains.” (Modernism/Modernity 2007-11-01)

“A fascinating study of what turns out to be a most intriguing subject.” (Musical Times 2008-06-01)

“An important and ambitious in-depth study and no one will come away from reading it without a greater understanding of a fascinating period in the history of modernism and fashion.” (Costume 2008-08-01)

“A refreshing look at Parisian culture at the turn of the century. . . . A fine addition to the interdisciplinary realm.” (Carissa M. Pitkin Music Research Forum 2009-06-08)

From the Inside Flap
"Mary E. Davis's Classic Chic: Music, Fashion, and Modernism is a fascinating study that draws together several strands of international modernism in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Focusing on trendsetting couturiers and magazines, she reveals how fashion not only promoted modernist trends in music but also identified those trends with a 'modern' upper-class lifestyle as well as similar trends in the visual arts and ballet. Davis has written a page-turner that talks about serious matters and adds to the sum of our knowledge about early twentieth-century musical culture."—Lynn Garafola, author of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and Legacies of Twentieth-Century Dance

"In Classic Chic: Music, Fashion, and Modernism, Mary Davis examines the deep connections between music and other cultural phenomena - especially fashion - in early 20th-century France. She returns the music of Satie and Stravinsky to its native Parisian habitat, which swarmed with fashion designers, trend-setting collaborators, and the purveyors of taste who determined what at any moment counted as 'chic.' (How dreadfully un-German!) Classic Chic joins a very small number of books that both break new scholarly ground and also appeal to general readers: in particular, those willing to listen to Gymnopédies while flipping through the pages of Vanity Fair."—Susan McClary, author of Conventional Wisdom: The Content of Musical Form

"Classic Chic is an original and fascinating exploration of the surprising alliance of music and fashion in the early twentieth century. Mary Davis has made an important contribution to our understanding of modernism through a subtle analysis of supposedly 'frivolous and ephemeral' art forms."—Valerie Steele, Director and Chief Curator, The Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology

About the Author
Mary E. Davis is Associate Professor in the Department of Music at Case Western Reserve University.

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^ Download Ebook Geodesic Math and How to Use It, by Hugh Kenner

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Geodesic Math and How to Use It, by Hugh Kenner

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It was 1976—twenty-five years after R. Buckminster Fuller introduced geodesic domes when literary critic Hugh Kenner published this fully-illustrated practical manual for their construction. Now, some twenty-five years later, Geodesic Math and How to Use It again presents a systematic method of design and provides a step-by-step method for producing mathematical specifications for orthodox geodesic domes, as well as for a variety of elliptical, super-elliptical, and other nonspherical contours.

Out of print since 1990, Geodesic Math and How To Use It is California's most requested backlist title. This edition is fully illustrated with complete original appendices.

• Sales Rank: #380958 in Books
• Published on: 2003-10-20
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.75" h x .50" w x 8.75" l, .81 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 183 pages

About the Author
Hugh Kenner (1923-2003) was Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Georgia. He is the author of dozens of well-known and highly regarded books of literary criticism, and is also the author of Bucky: A Guided Tour of Buckminster Fuller (1973).

Most helpful customer reviews

61 of 61 people found the following review helpful.
You know *what*, now find out *how*
By Plokiju
Hugh Kenner's book is the bible of geodesy. While other books provide you with tables and some of the rudiments of the theory of geodesic domes, 'Geodesic Math and How to Use it' gives you a first-principle look at how domes are developed from a mathematical/geometrical point of view. Most importantly, Kenner introduces the reader to a novel metric for both describing the location of geodesic points in space and calculating their exact positions, so you can develop your own chord factors rather than relying on tables without understanding the underlying math.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Worth the money
By Patrick Ireland
If you want to generate your own numbers for all the multitude of measurements, as I do, this book is indispensable.

13 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Geodesic Math
By A Customer
The subject very well presented and in a way that is easy to understand. Gives the underlying math to be able to use our modern computers setting on our desk tops to go far beyond what one person could do 25 years ago.

See all 19 customer reviews...

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~~ Download Ebook The Selling of "Free Trade": NAFTA, Washington, and the Subversion of American Democracy, by John R. MacArthur

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The Selling of "Free Trade" shows how Washington works to accomplish political or economic goals, even when confronted with widespread popular opposition. John R. MacArthur chronicles the brutal and expensive campaign in 1993 that led to passage of the poorly understood, highly controversial law creating the North American Free Trade Agreement.

• Sales Rank: #982565 in Books
• Color: Other
• Published on: 2001
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.25" h x 1.00" w x 5.50" l, 1.02 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 412 pages

From Publishers Weekly
Though the political machinations behind the North American Free Trade Agreement may not automatically quicken the pulse, longtime Harper's publisher MacArthur has worked the story into a spirited and engrossing case study of low-wage American workers brazenly sacrificed for a corporate-sponsored "turbo capitalism." Engineered by big business lobbyists and carried out in the national media by pitchman extraordinaire Lee Iacocca, the push for NAFTA, in MacArthur's opinion, offers a view "deep into the heart of political mendacity and collusion as it is practiced in Washington." Using the controversial closure of New York City's Swingline staple plant as a touchstone for the more abstract "intellectual trade wars" to follow, MacArthur examines the campaign waged by a Democratic coalition battling Ross Perot's famous sound bite on the loss of NAFTA-related jobs: "There will be a giant sucking sound going south." The book makes for grimly hilarious reading as it chronicles the intense saga of NAFTA's eventual ratification, notably when describing the elaborate process of vote buying embarked upon by pro-NAFTA forces. In one case, as MacArthur reports it, Rep. Bill Brewster, an Oklahoma Democrat on the board of the National Rifle Association, surrendered his vote via cell phone in exchange for a duck-hunting date with President Clinton. Throughout, MacArthur keeps his eye on the immigrant factory workers who ultimately pay NAFTA's price, and reports on the desultory border culture of maquiladora factories such as the brand-new Swingline plant in Nogales. The ultimate effects of NAFTA may still be debatable, but MacArthur's conclusion seems beyond dispute: "It's politics, stupid." (Apr.)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal
The subtitle of this book reveals much about the author's position on the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)Da seriously flawed law that was passed after a fast and loose sales pitch that skirted the rules of our political system. It begins and ends with a tale that shows the human side of the consequences of NAFTA: jobs leaving Queens, NY, and appearing in Nogales, Mexico. Between these two chapters, the author, president and publisher of Harper's magazine, presents his explanation for how and why NAFTA became law. He conducted extensive interviews with nearly all the major actors in this drama and is critical of the motives and actions of the players on both sides of the issue. However, he levels his most severe criticisms at the Democrats who were crucial in getting NAFTA through Congress, even when some of them publicly opposed it. While the book is a bit polemical at times, it is very well written and should be accessible to a wide range of readers. For large public libraries.DThomas J. Baldino, Wilkes Univ., Wilkes-Barre, PA
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Booklist
MacArthur is the grandson of John D. MacArthur, the billionaire who set up the well-known foundation famous for handing out "genius" grants. In 1980 he persuaded his grandfather's foundation to rescue a struggling Harper's magazine, which was then reorganized as a nonprofit foundation, with the young MacArthur being named publisher in 1983, a position he still holds. His father became wealthy in his own right, setting up the Bradford Exchange, an enterprise that "trades" commemorative collector's plates. MacArthur is the author of Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War (1992), which was highly critical of the role of the press during the Persian Gulf War. Now he takes on NAFTA and free trade. MacArthur is passionate and vehement in his arguments that NAFTA is vastly unpopular; that passage was bought and paid for by a coalition of Republicans, Democrats, and big business; and that the primary purpose of NAFTA is to provide American companies with access to cheap Mexican labor. David Rouse

Most helpful customer reviews

26 of 26 people found the following review helpful.
The Stench of the Inner Workings
By Jeremy Raymondjack
After reading through the negative reviews below, I can't help but notice that they miss the point. This book is not an anti-globalization rant or a leftie-luddite treatise. What MacArthur has done is document the inner workings of an important "trade agreement," demonstrating that the triumph of the market is not an inevitable historical trend. Rather, the grand sweep of "globalization" is a project, a designed task, pushed through with real and purposive power. The job of pundits, CEOs, PR firms and politicians is to make the rank and file feel like the collapse of non-economic imperatives is the natural unfolding of history.
MacArthur's book documents the kinds of things that citizens should be aware of as they happen, not ten years later in a searing expose. We need to shine a searchlight on our government right now, to uncover the backroom deals and smarmy PR snow-jobs that presently constitute the real substance of American politics. MacArthur's book shows us what to look for.

18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
sell out of nations
By karl b.
MacArthur begins his book from the venerable Swingline Staple Company of Queens, NY, with profiles of employees, union activists, owners over the last 30 years. Not so long a period, but starting at a time when a lattice of low technology manufacturing still ringed the great metropolis and bustled in the lower regions of Manhattan. They provided a modest but sustaining salary and a route to the ladders of American society for generations of immigrants. By the end of that period those societal understandings had given way to a much different order. Swingline moved its operations to the dollar an hour wages and shanty towns of Nogales, Mexico, channeling back product to an American market they were no longer willing to support with their payroll.
The author exposes the shell (or shill) game that took over the debate of North American Free Trade. Politicians as diverse as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton cynically assured the electorate that open trade heralded an era of unequaled prosperity and opportunity, propelled by such vacant aphorisms as the 'information economy' or the 'new realities' of global business. The agenda was marketed as 'inevitable'. The neoliberal lobby managed to bamboozle a skeptical public and buy the political establishment. By 1994 this well financed machine had bribed or bullied its way to passage of NAFTA in all three countries. A full-scale reorganization of continental industry ensued, with an attendant labour disenfranchisement, deindustrialization and currency sabotage.
The corrupt Salinas regime exemplified the motives of the Free Traders. Mexico's acceptance of their wealthy northern neighbors' largesse of 'investment' was extorted in part by their inability to pay the usurious loans of the IMF and foreign banks. NAFTA has since led to a collapsing peso and living standards that have dropped by a third. That has legions besieging the U.S. border. Free Trade, though, means anything but free movement of labour for impoverished Mexicans. Its profit equation hinges on a desperate, captive work force.
In some ways MacArthur's focus on the most ostentatious of Free Trade icons is the book's weakness. Mexico has, after all, no more than 4% of the American GDP. The workers of the maquiladoras are poorly educated and low skilled. It was only the most vulnerable, politically expendable Canadian and American workers who would be sacrificed to NAFTA. Discarding this lynchpin, however, has profound implications to the soundness of any nation's overall socio- economic structure.
The more insidious aspects of the Free Trade movement comes from agreements mentioned only in passing in this book. The Tokyo and Uruguay rounds of GATT, the WTO, a myriad of bilateral agreements, operating below public awareness, are devastating the high tech, high paying upper rung of industry-- steel, agriculture, chemicals, automotive, ship building, textiles, electronics, robotics. These processes sustain a sophisticated scientific infrastructure, critical to any economy that hopes to maintain its industrial integrity. They come easily under attack from countries who provide focused government direction, structural protection, subsidy, targeting the laissez-faire underbelly North American commerce.
The result is clear. Free Trade brings fragmenting inequity, stagnation of incomes, a steady devolution of government services under the drumbeat of 'privatization' and 'deregulation', fragile bubble economies, erosion of industrial capacity. Multitudes are tossed into the dustbin of the new economy, joining the ranks of the working poor or no longer deemed countable even as unemployment statistics. The media blithely proclaims all a success, the human detritus neatly excluded from recognition. This is the real legacy of politicians of all stripes who have sold out their countries to this juggernaut. The dissolution of the sovereign nation state promises a cult of government inertia, leaving the field to the most debased and predatory of commercial interests.

18 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
A Good Read!
By Rolf Dobelli
John MacArthur, editor of Harper's Magazine, is a persistent, resourceful, and thorough reporter with an unapologetic opinion about the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). MacArthur makes no attempt to disguise his disdain for the trade pact, which he describes as a measure designed to institutionalize U.S. exploitation of Mexican workers, or for the politicians, businessmen and lobbyists who supported it. In researching this book, MacArthur interviewed many of the key national and international players who helped create NAFTA and found rare interviews with others. He illustrates the debate by presenting an analysis of NAFTA's impact on workers at a U.S factory, and on the Mexicans who replace them. Ironically, he paints such an effective portrait of the inner workings of the Mexican maquiladoras factories that U.S. business leaders reading this book might be further enticed to relocate. The finest feature of the book is its exhaustive treatment of the law-making process, and its lucid judgment of the Washington establishment. We [...] recommend this book to students of politics or international trade, business leaders interested in gaining insight into the anti-globalization movement, and to anyone trying to get a bill passed in the U.S. Congress.

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